Use of electronic health records and primary health care accessibility according to data from the third cycle of the PMAQ-AB. / Uso de prontuário eletrônico e parâmetros de acesso e acolhimento segundo dados do terceiro ciclo do PMAQ-AB.

The use of electronic health records (EHR) in primary healthcare (PHC) aims for better integration of services and care quality. One of most the critical points of Brazilian PHC is access. This article aims to analyze, through data from the third evaluation cycle of the Brazilian Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB), the relationship between the use of electronic health records and the parameters of access of the participant teams. Cross-sectional analytical study with secondary data. Data from 38,865 primary care teams, 30,346 health units and 140,444 interviewed users were evaluated. The use of EHR was associated with greater care for non-programmed demands (OR 1.664; 95%CI 1.485-1.866), risk and vulnerability assessment (OR 1.329; 95%CI 1.122-1.574) and use of protocols for clinical conducts (OR 1.656; 95%CI 1.530-1.793), in addition to a greater possibility of scheduling consultation by telephone (OR 3.179; 95%CI 3.030-3.335). Services using EHR are more likely to be the patients first contact (OR 1.226; 95%CI 1.171-1.283) and to be sought when facing urgent health problem (OR 1.198; 95%CI 1.161-1.236). The results point to a concrete possibility of improving access through computerization.

O uso de prontuários eletrônicos (PE) na atenção primária em saúde (APS) visa maior integração e qualidade dos serviços. Um dos pontos mais críticos da APS brasileira segue sendo o acesso. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar através dos dados do terceiro ciclo avaliativo do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) a relação entre o uso de prontuário eletrônico e os parâmetros de acesso e acolhimento das unidades participantes. Estudo transversal analítico com dados secundários. Foram avaliados dados provenientes de 38.865 equipes de atenção primária, 30.346 unidades de saúde e 140.444 usuários entrevistados. O uso de PE esteve associado a maior realização de atendimento à demanda espontânea (OR 1,664; IC95% 1,485-1,866), avaliação de risco e vulnerabilidade (OR 1,329; IC95% 1,122-1,574) e utilização de protocolos de conduta (OR 1,656; IC95% 1,530-1,793), além de maior possibilidade de agendamento por telefone (OR 3,179; IC95% 3,030-3,335). Serviços que utilizam PE tem maior chance de ser o primeiro contato dos pacientes (OR 1,226; IC95% 1,171-1,283) e de serem buscados quando o usuário tem problemas de urgência (OR 1,198; IC95% 1,161-1,236). Há uma possibilidade concreta de melhoria do acesso através da informatização.

Uso de prontuário eletrônico e parâmetros de acesso e acolhimento segundo dados do terceiro ciclo do PMAQ-AB / Use of electronic health records and primary health care accessibility according to data from the third cycle of the PMAQ-AB

Resumo O uso de prontuários eletrônicos (PE) na atenção primária em saúde (APS) visa maior integração e qualidade dos serviços. Um dos pontos mais críticos da APS brasileira segue sendo o acesso. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar através dos dados do terceiro ciclo avaliativo do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) a relação entre o uso de prontuário eletrônico e os parâmetros de acesso e acolhimento das unidades participantes. Estudo transversal analítico com dados secundários. Foram avaliados dados provenientes de 38.865 equipes de atenção primária, 30.346 unidades de saúde e 140.444 usuários entrevistados. O uso de PE esteve associado a maior realização de atendimento à demanda espontânea (OR 1,664; IC95% 1,485-1,866), avaliação de risco e vulnerabilidade (OR 1,329; IC95% 1,122-1,574) e utilização de protocolos de conduta (OR 1,656; IC95% 1,530-1,793), além de maior possibilidade de agendamento por telefone (OR 3,179; IC95% 3,030-3,335). Serviços que utilizam PE tem maior chance de ser o primeiro contato dos pacientes (OR 1,226; IC95% 1,171-1,283) e de serem buscados quando o usuário tem problemas de urgência (OR 1,198; IC95% 1,161-1,236). Há uma possibilidade concreta de melhoria do acesso através da informatização.

Abstract The use of electronic health records (EHR) in primary healthcare (PHC) aims for better integration of services and care quality. One of most the critical points of Brazilian PHC is access. This article aims to analyze, through data from the third evaluation cycle of the Brazilian Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB), the relationship between the use of electronic health records and the parameters of access of the participant teams. Cross-sectional analytical study with secondary data. Data from 38,865 primary care teams, 30,346 health units and 140,444 interviewed users were evaluated. The use of EHR was associated with greater care for non-programmed demands (OR 1.664; 95%CI 1.485-1.866), risk and vulnerability assessment (OR 1.329; 95%CI 1.122-1.574) and use of protocols for clinical conducts (OR 1.656; 95%CI 1.530-1.793), in addition to a greater possibility of scheduling consultation by telephone (OR 3.179; 95%CI 3.030-3.335). Services using EHR are more likely to be the patients first contact (OR 1.226; 95%CI 1.171-1.283) and to be sought when facing urgent health problem (OR 1.198; 95%CI 1.161-1.236). The results point to a concrete possibility of improving access through computerization.

Tic-Tac: A Translational Approach in Mechanisms Associated with Irregular Heartbeat and Sinus Rhythm Restoration in Atrial Fibrillation Patients.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent cardiac condition predominantly affecting older adults, characterized by irregular heartbeat rhythm. The condition often leads to significant disability and increased mortality rates. Traditionally, two therapeutic strategies have been employed for its treatment: heart rate control and rhythm control. Recent clinical studies have emphasized the critical role of early restoration of sinus rhythm in improving patient outcomes. The persistence of the irregular rhythm allows for the progression and structural remodeling of the atria, eventually leading to irreversible stages, as observed clinically when AF becomes permanent. Cardioversion to sinus rhythm alters this progression pattern through mechanisms that are still being studied. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for maintaining AF and how they are modified during sinus rhythm restoration using existing therapeutic strategies at different stages of clinical investigation. Moreover, we explore potential future therapeutic approaches, including the promising prospect of gene therapy.

Natural Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and Climatic Season Influence the Developmental Capacity in Field-Caught Mepraia spinolai Nymphs.

In this study, we evaluated the effect of the climatic season and infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of Chagas disease, on the molting capacity of the triatomine vector Mepraia spinolai endemic to Chile. We used wild-caught first-to-fourth instar nymphs during cooling (fall and winter) and warming (spring) periods. After capturing, nymphs were fed at the laboratory, and maintained under optimal rearing conditions. Feeding was repeated 40 days later. We followed-up the molting events on 709 nymphs, recording one, two or the absence of molts after two feeding opportunities. Within the same climatic period, only infected second- and fourth-instar nymphs from the warming period showed a larger proportion of double molting compared to uninfected nymphs. Regarding the climatic period, infected and uninfected first- and fourth-instar nymphs exhibited a larger proportion of double molting in the warming and cooling periods, respectively. The pattern of non-molting nymph occurrence suggests they probably reach diapause by environmental stochasticity. The effect of the climatic period and T. cruzi infection on the development of M. spinolai is an instar-dependent phenomenon, highlighting the occurrence of finely synchronized processes at different moments of the life cycle of such an hemimetabolous insect as triatomines.

Endostatin and Cancer Therapy: A Novel Potential Alternative to Anti-VEGF Monoclonal Antibodies.

Angiogenesis is a physiological process that consists of the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones. Angiogenesis helps in growth, development, and wound healing through the formation of granulation tissue. However, this physiological process has also been linked to tumor growth and metastasis formation. Indeed, angiogenesis has to be considered as a fundamental step to the evolution of benign tumors into malignant neoplasms. The main mediator of angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is overexpressed in certain cancers. Thus, there are anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies, such as bevacizumab, used as anti-cancer therapies. However, bevacizumab has shown adverse events, such as hypertension and proteinuria, which in the most severe cases can lead to cessation of therapy, thus contributing to worsening patients' prognosis. On the other hand, endostatin is an endogenous protein that strongly inhibits VEGF expression and angiogenesis and shows a better safety profile. Moreover, endostatin has already given promising results on small scale clinical studies. Hence, in this review, we present data supporting the use of endostatin as a replacement for anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies.

High Plasma Levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Are Associated with Increased Risk of COVID-19 in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis: Results of a Prospective Cohort.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are a population with high rates of COVID-19 and mortality. These patients present a low response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunization, which is associated with immune dysfunction. ESRD patients also present high plasma titers of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23), a protein hormone that reduces immune response in vivo and in vitro. Increased FGF23 levels associate with higher infection-related hospitalizations and adverse infectious outcomes. Thus, we evaluated whether ESRD patients with high FGF23 titers have an increased rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort of ESRD patients in hemodialysis who had measurements of plasma intact FGF23 in 2019. We determined COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and mortality between January 2020 and December 2021. RESULTS: We evaluated 243 patients. Age: 60.4 ± 10.8 years. Female: 120 (49.3%), diabetes: 110 (45.2%). During follow-up, 45 patients developed COVID-19 (18.5%), 35 patients were hospitalized, and 12 patients died (mortality rate: 26.6%). We found that patients with higher FGF23 levels (defined as equal or above median) had a higher rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection versus those with lower levels (18.8% versus 9.9%; Hazard ratio: 1.92 [1.03-3.56], p = 0.039). Multivariate analysis showed that increased plasma FGF23 was independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that high plasma FGF23 levels are a risk factor for developing COVID-19 in ESRD patients. These data support the potential immunosuppressive effects of high circulating FGF23 as a factor implicated in the association with worse clinical outcomes. Further data are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

Antioxidant Protection against Trastuzumab Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Therapy.

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant neoplastic disease in women, with an estimated 2.3 million cases in 2020 worldwide. Its treatment depends on characteristics of the patient and the tumor. In the latter, characteristics include cell type and morphology, anatomical location, and immunophenotype. Concerning this latter aspect, the overexpression of the HER2 receptor, expressed in 15-25% of tumors, is associated with greater aggressiveness and worse prognosis. In recent times some monoclonal antibodies have been developed in order to target HER2 receptor overexpression. Trastuzumab is part of the monoclonal antibodies used as targeted therapy against HER2 receptor, whose major problem is its cardiac safety profile, where it has been associated with cardiotoxicity. The appearance of cardiotoxicity is an indication to stop therapy. Although the pathophysiological mechanism is poorly known, evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays a fundamental role causing DNA damage, increased cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS production, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular calcium dysregulation, and the consequent cell death through different pathways. The aim of this review was to explore the use of antioxidants as adjuvant therapy to trastuzumab to prevent its cardiac toxicity, thus leading to ameliorate its safety profile in its administration.

Potential Antioxidant Multitherapy against Complications Occurring in Sepsis.

Septic shock currently represents one of the main causes of mortality in critical patient units with an increase in its incidence in recent years, and it is also associated with a high burden of morbidity in surviving patients. Within the pathogenesis of sepsis, oxidative stress plays an important role. The excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to mitochondrial damage and vasomotor dysfunction that characterizes those patients who fall into septic shock. Currently, despite numerous studies carried out in patients with septic shock of different causes, effective therapies have not yet been developed to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this pathology. Despite the contribution of ROS in the pathophysiology of sepsis and septic shock, most studies performed in humans, with antioxidant monotherapies, have not resulted in promising data. Nevertheless, some interventions with compounds such as ascorbate, N-acetylcysteine, and selenium would have a positive effect in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this pathology. However, more studies are required to demonstrate the efficacy of these therapies. Taking into account the multifactorial features of the pathophysiology of sepsis, we put forward the hypothesis that a supplementation based on the association of more than one antioxidant compound should result in a synergistic or additive effect, thus improving the beneficial effects of each of them alone, potentially serving as a pharmacological adjunct resource to standard therapy to reduce sepsis complications. Therefore, in this review, it is proposed that the use of combined antioxidant therapies could lead to a better clinical outcome of patients with sepsis or septic shock, given the relevance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of this multi-organ dysfunction.

Humoral Immune Response of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac Vaccinations in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort.

The CoronaVac vaccine is the most used anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine worldwide. Previous data indicate that this vaccine produces a lower immune response than RNA vaccines such as BNT162b2. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have an increased rate of COVID-19 and a reduced immune response to vaccinations. Currently, there is little data on this population's immune response induced by CoronaVac. Methods: This study involved a prospective cohort of ESRD patients in chronic hemodialysis who received a two-dose immunization scheme of either CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech) or BNT162b2 vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech). We measured the plasma levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. We determined antibody titers before immunization, 2 and 4 months after two doses, plus 4 months after a booster dose. Results: We evaluated 208 patients in three hemodialysis centers. The mean age was 62.6 ± 15.6 years, of whom 91 were female (41.75%). Eighty-one patients (38.94%) received the BNT162b2 vaccine and 127 (61.06%) received the CoronaVac vaccine. Patients who received the BNT162b2 vaccine had a higher humoral response compared to those who received the CoronaVac vaccine (4 months after the second dose: BNT162b2: 88.89%, CoronaVac: 51.97%, p < 0.001; 4 months after the booster: BNT162b2: 98.77%, CoronaVac: 86.61%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the CoronaVac vaccine induced a lower humoral response than the BNT162b2 vaccine in ESRD patients on hemodialysis.

Auriculoterapia: eficácia clínica e comparação entre tecnologias / Auriculothérapie: efficacité clinique et comparaison entre les technologies

A auriculoterapia é uma prática diagnóstica e terapêutica que tem por princípio a estimulação de pontos no pavilhão auricular externo que correspondem a partes específicas do corpo (mapa somatotópico). Sua origem é derivada da acupuntura, prática da medicina tradicional chinesa. Desde seu surgimento em 1951, na França, várias tecnologias para a realização da auriculoterapia foram desenvolvidas. Considerando a existência de diferentes materiais para realização da auriculoterapia (esferas magnéticas, agulhas semipermanentes, agulhas filiformes, estimulação por laser, eletropuntura, cristais e outros), foi solicitada pela assistência da atenção primária revisão rápida para comparação da eficácia, segurança e efetividade das tecnologias relatadas na literatura científica. Quais tecnologias utilizadas para realização da auriculoterapia apresentam maior eficácia clínica quando comparadas entre si?

Pharmacological Effects of Caffeic Acid and Its Derivatives in Cancer: New Targeted Compounds for the Mitochondria.

Cancer is a complex pathology of great heterogeneity and difficulty that makes the constant search for new therapies necessary. A major advance on the subject has been made by focusing on the development of new drugs aimed to alter the metabolism of cancer cells, by generating a disruption of mitochondrial function. For this purpose, several new compounds with specific mitochondrial action have been tested, leading successfully to cell death. Recently, attention has centered on a group of natural compounds present in plants named polyphenols, among which is caffeic acid, a polyphenol that has proven to be a powerful antitumoral agent and a prominent compound for studies focused on the development of new therapies against cancer.In this review, we revised the antitumoral capacity and mechanisms of action of caffeic acid and its derivatives, with special emphasis in a new class of caffeic acid derivatives that target mitochondria by chemical binding to the lipophilic cation triphenylphosphonium.

Clinical Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health problem. Patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis are at a higher risk of infection and mortality than the general population. Worldwide, a vaccination campaign has been developed that has been shown to reduce severe infections and deaths in the general population. However, there are currently limited data on the clinical efficacy of vaccinations in the hemodialysis population. Methods: A national multicenter observational cohort was performed in Chile to evaluate the clinical efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in end-stage renal disease patients on chronic hemodialysis from February 2021 to August 2021. In addition, the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccines were evaluated. The efficacy of vaccination in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalizations, and deaths associated with COVID-19 was determined. Results: A total of 12,301 patients were evaluated; 10,615 (86.3%) received a complete vaccination (2 doses), 490 (4.0%) received incomplete vaccination, and 1196 (9.7%) were not vaccinated. During follow-up, 1362 (11.0%) patients developed COVID-19, and 150 died (case fatality rate: 11.0%). The efficacy of the complete vaccination in preventing infection was 18.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]:11.8-23.8%), and prevention of death was 66.0% (95% CI:60.6-70.7%). When comparing both vaccines, BNT162b2 and CoronaVac were effective in reducing infection and deaths associated with COVID-19. Nevertheless, the BNT162b2 vaccine had higher efficacy in preventing infection (42.6% vs. 15.0%) and deaths (90.4% vs. 64.8%) compared to CoronaVac. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients on chronic hemodialysis was effective in preventing infection and death associated with COVID-19.

Exame citopatológico do câncer de colo do útero: estratégias para ampliação da cobertura / Cytopathological examination of cervical cancer: strategies for expanding coverage

O câncer do colo do útero é o terceiro câncer mais incidente em mulheres no Brasil e no mundo. As alterações celulares que dão origem ao câncer do colo do útero podem ser visualizadas precocemente com o exame citopatológico do colo do útero. O indicador 11 da pactuação interfederativa se refere à razão entre o número de exames citopatológicos do colo do útero realizados em mulheres de 25 a 64 anos e o total de mulheres da faixa etária no município. Nos últimos dois anos, o indicador municipal não atingiu a meta pactuada em 2016, de 62%.

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women in Brazil world. The cellular changes that give rise to cervical cancer may be visualized early with cytopathological examination of the cervix. The indicator 11 of the interfederative agreement refers to the ratio between the number of tests cervical cytopathology performed in women aged 25 to 64 years and the total age group in the city. In the last two years, the municipal indicator did not reached the agreed target in 2016 of 62%.

Evasão de pacientes em serviços de saúde mental: aspectos relacionados e opções de enfrentamento / Evasion of patients in mental health services: related aspects and coping options

A evasão de pacientes em tratamento de saúde mental dos serviços de saúde é preocupação constante entre profissionais, gestores e familiares. Um paciente que evade pode estar sujeito a uma gama de consequências deletérias para si e para outros.

Profilaxia pós-exposição antirrábica: evidências sobre pré-medicação, administração de soro e esquema vacinal / Anti-rabies post-exposure prophylaxis: evidence on premedication, serum administration and vaccination scheme

A raiva é uma zoonose transmitida ao homem pela inoculação do vírus rábico contido na saliva do animal infectado. A infecção por este vírus causa encefalite aguda com índice de letalidade próximo a 100%.Embora não haja cura para a raiva clínica, a doença é facilmente evitável pelo fornecimento oportuno de profilaxia adequada. A profiaxia antirrábica humana pode ser realizada pré (PrEP) ou pós (PEP) exposição potencial ao virus da raiva. As tecnologias utilizadas para esta profilaxia são as vacinas e os soros. Há diversos esquemas de profilaxia PrEP e PEP utilizados no mundo. No Brasil, há ainda indicação de administração de medicações prévias à infiltração de soro heterólogo, a fim de mitigar potenciais reações anafiláticas. A administração concomitante de vacinas, imunoglobulinas e pré-medicação para hipersensibilidade (anti-histamínicos e corticoides) através da via intramuscular é uma prática instituída no contexto municipal de Campo Grande - MS, ocasionando problemas recorrentes de falta de sítios para administração completa da profilaxia, especialmente em crianças. Quais os cuidados necessários durante a realização de Profilaxia Pós Exposição Antirrábica em situações de limitação de vias de administração e risco de hipersensibilidade? Após análise do conteúdo, a fim de concluir a revisão em tempo oportuno para a tomada de decisão da gestão, a equipe de pesquisa deliberou pela extração de dados somente dos estudos secundários. Os principais achados estão sumarizados em infográfico no APÊNDICE A. É indicada a modernização do Procedimento Operacional Padrão vigente na prefeitura de Campo Grande. A substituição das práticas relacionadas à pré-medicação IM, vacinação IM e administração de soro IM é cientificamente embasada e elimina o problema que originou a questão de pesquisa desta revisão, apresentando benefícios para gestão, profissionais e usuários do SUS.

Cardioprotective Mechanisms against Reperfusion Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Targeting Angiotensin II Receptors.

Ischemia/reperfusion injury is a process associated with cardiologic interventions, such as percutaneous coronary angioplasty after an acute myocardial infarction. Blood flow restoration causes a quick burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which generates multiple organelle damage, leading to the activation of cell death pathways. Therefore, the intervention contributes to a greater necrotic zone, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications. A major cardiovascular ROS source in this setting is the activation of multiple NADPH oxidases, which could result via the occupancy of type 1 angiotensin II receptors (AT1R); hence, the renin angiotensin system (RAS) is associated with the generation of ROS during reperfusion. In addition, ROS can promote the expression of NF-κΒ, a proinflammatory transcription factor. Recent studies have described an intracellular RAS pathway that is associated with increased intramitochondrial ROS through the action of isoform NOX4 of NADPH oxidase, thereby contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction. On the other hand, the angiotensin II/ angiotensin type 2 receptor (Ang II/AT2R) axis exerts its effects by counter-modulating the action of AT1R, by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and stimulating cardioprotective pathways such as akt. The aim of this review is to discuss the possible use of AT1R blockers to hamper both the Ang II/AT1R axis and the associated ROS burst. Moreover; we suggest that AT1R antagonist drugs should act synergistically with other cardioprotective agents, such as ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine and deferoxamine, leading to an enhanced reduction in the reperfusion injury. This therapy is currently being tested in our laboratory and has shown promising outcomes in experimental studies.

Riesgo de padecer diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en una población adulta del Caribe colombiano / Risk of Suffering from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in an Adult Population of the Colombian Caribbean

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad crónica con alta prevalencia, que afecta la calidad de vida de la población que la padece, por cuanto identificar el riesgo de desarrollarla permite implementar estrategias para retrasar su aparición y prevenir complicaciones. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en una población del Caribe colombiano. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, de corte transversal. Participaron 248 individuos del área urbana de un corregimiento de Santa Marta, Colombia, en el primer semestre de 2018, mediante un muestreo estratificado por sectores. Se utilizó el test Finnish Diabetes Risk Score para la recolección de información, así como la medición del perímetro abdominal, el peso, la talla y la tensión arterial. Para el análisis de las variables numéricas se aplicó T de Student para variables independientes y para las variables categóricas se aplicó chi cuadrado. Resultados: Del total de participantes, 36,29 por ciento presentó un riesgo ligeramente elevado y 8,87 por ciento riesgo moderado alto. El grupo poblacional con mayor riesgo fue el de 58 a 65 años (34,78 por ciento). Se encontró significancia estadística entre el riesgo de presentar diabetes en los próximos 10 años y las variables sobrepeso y obesidad, circunferencia abdominal aumentada, antecedentes personales de hiperglucemia, consumo de medicamentos antihipertensivos y antecedentes personales de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en padres, hermanos e hijos. Conclusiones: El riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en la población estudiada fue ligeramente elevado en un alto porcentaje de la población(AU)

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with high prevalence, which affects the quality of life of the population that suffers from it, since identifying the risk of developing it allows the implementation of strategies to delay its onset and prevent complications. Objective: To identify the level of risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Colombian Caribbean population. Methods: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study. two hundred forty eight individuals from the urban area of a village in Santa Marta, Colombia, participated in the first semester of 2018, through a sampling stratified by sectors. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score test was used to collect information, as well as to measure abdominal circumference, weight, height, and blood pressure. For the analysis of the numerical variables, Student's t-test was applied for independent variables and chi-square was applied for the categorical variables. Results: Of the total of participants, 36.29 percent had slightly high risk and 8.87 percent moderate high risk. The population group with the highest risk was 58 to 65 years (34.78 percent). Statistical significance was found between the risk of developing diabetes in the subsequent 10 years and the variables overweight and obesity, increased abdominal circumference, personal history of hyperglycemia, consumption of antihypertensive drugs, and personal history of type 2 diabetes mellitus in parents, siblings, and children. Conclusions: The risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in the studied population was slightly elevated in a high percentage of the population(AU)

Acolhimento a pessoas transexuais em serviços especializados de urologia e ginecologia / Welcoming transgender people to specialized urology and gynecology services

Pessoas trans são aquelas que não se identificam com o sexo biológico, ou seja, o gênero que foi atribuído ao nascimento. A Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (LGBT), instituída pelo Ministério da Saúde, por meio da Portaria nº 2.836, de 1º de dezembro de 2011, garante às pessoas trans o direito à saúde integral, humanizada e de qualidade no SUS, tanto na rede de atenção básica como nos serviços especializados. Esta revisão rápida objetivou levantar publicações que abordassem o acesso de pacientes transgêneros aos cuidados de saúde ginecológicos e urológicos, afim de informar a tomada de decisão e melhorar o acesso e a qualidade da prestação de serviços de saúde às pessoas trans no Município de Campo Grande- MS.

Instrumentos validados de monitoramento da atenção primária em saúde / Validated instruments for monitoring primary health care

Quais instrumentos validados avaliam o funcionamento das unidades e equipes de saúde conforme os quatro atributos essenciais da atenção primária segundo Starfield (2002)?" A Clínica da Família (CF) é um programa municipal de acreditação da qualidade dos serviços de Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS). Para isso, eles devem atender aos quatro atributos essenciais descritos por Starfield1: Acesso de primeiro contato do indivíduo com o sistema de saúde; Longitudinalidade; Integralidade; e Coordenação da atenção. Para a manutenção da certificação CF, deve haver um monitoramento quadrimestral das unidades certificadas. Portanto, a Coordenadoria da Rede de Atenção Básica da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Campo Grande solicitou revisão rápida sobre instrumentos validados de avaliação da APS.

Monitoramento ambulatorial dos casos de COVID-19: evidências sobre método, frequência e efetividade / Ambulatory monitoring of COVID-19 cases: evidence on method, frequency and effectiveness

O monitoramento de pacientes ambulatoriais com COVID-19 pode ser organizado com diversas frequências, lógicas e tecnologias, sendo o telemonitoramento amplamente utilizado por diversos sistemas de saúde. A definição da frequência de acompanhamento através de critérios clínicos pode levar a um melhor acompanhamento de casos mais graves e instáveis, otimizando recursos na saúde e, possivelmente, diminuindo o agravamento clínico e a mortalidade na população.